Eleven (29%) of them had an incomplete form of the disease. Coronary artery abnormalities were found in 10 (26%) children, insignificantly more often among those with incomplete KD. Each day of treatment delay increased the complication rate by almost 1.5 (OR 1.45, p = 0.009). Treatment initiated 10 days after the onset of the disease increased

this risk almost nine times (OR 8.99, p = 0.007). No significant differences in respect to age (p = 0.431), gender (p = 0.744) and laboratory test results were found between the groups with and without coronary complications. A complete regression of coronary artery involvement was seen in 7 children, and partial regression was seen in one child. One child died and another needed coronary artery bypass grafting. Conclusions: Coronary artery aneurysms developed at a similar rate in both complete and incomplete forms of KD and the only significant risk factor this website Compound C PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitor was the timing of treatment initiation. In young children with

fever of unknown cause lasting longer than 5 days, echocardiography is warranted. Despite a tendency for coronary artery aneurysms to regress, late complications may occur and all children require long-term follow up in a cardiology clinic.”
“Aims: This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effects of common polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene on the toxicity and clinical responses of irinotecan-based Ricolinostat price chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: The PubMed, CISCOM, CINAHL, Web of Science, Google Scholar, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, and CBM databases were searched from their inception through November 1st, 2013 without language

restrictions. Meta-analysis was conducted with the use of the STATA 12.0 software. Crude odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. Seven clinical cohort studies with a total of 815 CRC patients met the inclusion criteria. Two common polymorphisms (677 C bigger than T and 1298A bigger than C) in the MTHFR gene were assessed. Results: The results from our meta-analysis suggested that MTHFR genetic polymorphisms might significantly decrease the rate of grade 3/4 toxicity of irinotecan-based chemotherapy in CRC patients (OR=0.53, 95% CI: 0.32-0.89, p=0.015). Furthermore, we also demonstrated that MTHFR genetic polymorphisms strongly correlated with good clinical responses (complete response+partial response) to irinotecan-based chemotherapy in CRC patients (OR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.05-2.04, p=0.024). Conclusions: Our findings provide empirical evidence that MTHFR genetic polymorphisms may decrease the toxicity of irinotecan-based chemotherapy and increase the clinical benefits for CRC patients. Thus, MTHFR genetic polymorphisms may be screened to predict the clinical responses to irinotecan-based chemotherapy in CRC patients.

Seventy-one patients with P FO were selected for percutaneous closure of PFO at our center. All had PFO with large right-to-left shunt documented by transcranial

Doppler ultrasound and transesophageal echocardiography, >= 1 previous stroke or transient ischemic attack with MRI documentation at the index event, and no alternative cause for cerebral ischemia. MRI studies were performed in all patients 24 hours before the procedure and at I-year follow-up (or before in the case of a suspected new neurologic event). Eight patients (11%) had > 1 clinical MK-4827 in vitro event before the procedure. Comparing the 2 MRI studies before the procedure, silent ischemic lesions were observed in 14 other patients (20%). Thus, considering clinical and silent events together, > event was present at baseline in 22 patients (31%). After PFO closure (follow-up 16 +/- 7 months), 1 recurrent neurologic event occurred (1%, p = 0.02 vs preprocedural clinical events); however, urgent brain MRI results were negative. Moreover, only 1 patient showed 1 new silent

lesion at brain MRI at follow-up (1%, p < 0.001. vs preprocedural silent brain lesions). Considering clinical and silent events, relapses occurred in 2 patients only (p <0.001 vs before procedure). Recurrent events were limited to those with incomplete PFO closure at postprocedural transcranial Doppler ultrasound (p Vorinostat nmr = 0.02). In conclusion, percutaneous PFO closure results in few clinical or silent events after 1-year follow-up, especially when complete PFO closure is successfully

accomplished. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc.”
“We explored the concomitant effect of the International Prognostic Index at the time of relapse (IPI-R) and the time from initial diagnosis to relapse (TTR) on outcome of 80 uniformly treated patients receiving BEAM conditioning followed by SCT for relapsed, chemosensitive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Apoptosis inhibitor Median age at the time of transplantation was 62 years (range 26-77). Median follow-up of survivors was 31.4 months. Median overall survival (OS) from the time of transplant for patients with TTR 418 months vs <= 18 months was not reached and 50 months, respectively (P = 0.01). Median OS for patients with IPI-R >= 3 was 23.3 months and not reached for patients with IPI-R < 3 (P = 0.01). These factors were independent in multivariate analysis with relative risk for death of 0.91 (0.80-0.99; P = 0.04) for each 6-month increment in TTR and 0.63 (0.42-0.96; P = 0.03) for IPI-R < 3. TTR <= 18 months and IPI-R >= 3 were combined in a prognostic system where patients with none (n = 32), one (n = 39) or two (n = 9) of these factors had median OS not reached, of 50 and 5 months, respectively (P < 0.01). Patients with early, high IPI-R relapse after first-line therapy have a dismal outcome with SCT and should receive experimental therapies.

The

presentation was done within routine training-sessions. A test was applied before learn more and 10 weeks after the presentation. Electronic sources and hard copies were used for dissemination. The results were analysed with SPSS 15.0. The categorical data was analysed with Fisher’s Exact test and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the groups. The threshold for statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.\n\nResults: The post-test scores were 58.2/100 for family physicians and 71.7/100 for paediatricians. For both pre- and post-test, paediatricians had significantly higher scores than the family physicians (p<0.05). On the other hand, the family physicians had significantly higher post-test scores than their own pre-test scores (p<0.05), while there was no significant increase in the scores of the paediatricians KU-57788 mw (p>0.05).\n\nConclusion: The study adds to limited information on the effects of clinical practice guidelines in Turkey. It shows us that the awareness of CPGs is low among physicians, and further research is needed to determine the potential role of clinical practice guidelines

in continuous medical education. Physicians need a better training about how to manage anaphylaxis, and the best methods to identify their training needs must be determined.”
“Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) in the Inland Northwest region of the USA are nitrogen (N) deficient; however stem growth responses to N fertilizers are unpredictable, which may be due to poor accounting of other limiting nutrients. Screening trial experiments, including potassium (K), sulfur (S), and boron (B) multiple nutrient treatments, have been conducted this website to learn about Douglas-fir nutritional status and fertilizer growth response. The data from the screening trial experiments were compiled to test whether the soil parent materials of the region could be used to predict nutritional status. Estimating effects of fertilizers and soil parent materials on Douglas-fir growth from compilations of such experiments, however,

poses challenges and opportunity; experiments clustered in time and space introduce latent variables that drive between-site variation. We used a two-stage modeling approach to efficiently take advantage of the information in these data. First, we employed a mixed model approach to test the primary hypothesis of soil parent material influence upon stem growth response to fertilizer. As the second-stage to the analysis, the predicted random effects estimated from the mixed model were used as a response variable to test how strongly precipitation drives between-site variation. As expected, including the random site effect significantly improved the model fit of the growth model (Lambda = 436.5, P < 0.0001).

First, HKI 272 poly(etheretherketone) surface activation with selective carbonyl reduction introduces surface hydroxylation. And then treatment of the hydroxylation-pretreated poly(etheretherketone) samples with a substituted organosilane solution

forms the carboxyl (-COOH) functional surface layers. The modified surfaces were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, water contact angle measurements, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and surface profiler. The effect of cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation on each specimen was investigated. Pre-osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) adhesion, spreading, and proliferation were improved remarkably on surface-carboxylated poly(etheretherketone). Poly(etheretherketone) modified with -COOH on its surface has potential use in orthopedic or dental implants.”
“Cephalostatin 1 is a natural compound isolated from a marine worm that induces apoptosis in tumor cells via an apoptosome-independent but caspase-9-dependent pathway and through an endoplasmic reticulum stress response that is accompanied by caspase-4 activation. Here, we show that cephalostatin evokes mitochondrial Smac (second mitochondria-derived ASP2215 supplier activator of caspases) but

not cytochrome c release in various carcinoma cell lines. We also show that Smac is critically involved in caspase-9 activation as evidenced by gene silencing experiments. Remarkably, caspase-2 appears to be a major target for cephalostatin-induced cytosolic Smac. Using biochemical and genetic inhibition experiments, we demonstrate that caspase-2 participates in the apoptotic machinery induced by cephalostatin. Cephalostatin-activated

caspase-2 appears to act as initiator caspase and is not involved in the activation of caspase-9. Importantly, experiments immunoprecipitating Casein Kinase inhibitor PIDD (p53-induced protein with a DD), RAIDD (RIP-associated ICH-1/CED-3-homologous protein with DD) and caspase-2 identify cephalostatin as an experimental drug that induces the formation of the PIDDosome. The bis-steroid cephalostatin proves to be both a helpful tool to investigate apoptotic signaling and a promising chemotherapeutic agent.”
“Epidemiologic data on incidence, prevalence and risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its progression to kidney failure in people a parts per thousand yen70 years are scarce. This lack may have two reasons: First, the issue has only recently gained importance by the changing demographics characterized by an aging society. Secondly, a validated method for estimating kidney function in terms of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the elderly is still lacking. In this paper we describe the methodology of a combined longitudinal and cross-sectional approach of a population based study which will start in January 2010.

A reversed phase C-18 column was used as the stationary phase. TFV exhibited degradation under acidic and alkaline

hydrolytic conditions. The degradation products with m/z 289.2 and 170 amu have been proposed as 6-Hydroxy adenine derivative of TFV, and (2-hydroxypropan-2-yloxy) methylphosphonic acid, respectively. A pseudo-first-order degradation kinetic allowed for estimating the shelf-life, half-life, and time required for 90% degradation of 3.84, 25.34, and 84.22 h in acidic conditions, and 58.26, 384.49, and 1277.75 h in alkaline conditions, respectively. No significant degradation was observed at pH 4.5 (normal cervicovaginal pH) and oxidative stress conditions of 3% and 30% v/v hydrogen peroxide solutions. The shelf life of TFV powder at room temperature was 23 months as calculated by using an Arrhenius plot. The XRD pattern showed that the drug was stable and maintained its original crystallinity this website under the accelerated and thermal stress conditions applied. Stability analyses revealed that the TFV was stable

in various stress conditions; however, formulation strategies should be implemented to protect it in strong acidic and alkaline environments. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.”
“Background: The object of this study was to evaluate biomarkers for diagnosis of sepsis, hematologic parameters, and cytokine profiles for use in the diagnosis and evaluation of severity of sepsis. Methods: We enrolled 127 consecutive CA4P cell line patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), 97 of whom were diagnosed with sepsis. The following biomarkers were evaluated: procalcitonin (PCT); C-reactive protein (CRP); erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR); white blood cell count, immature granulocyte (IG) count; and multiplex cytokines, including interleukin (IL)1-beta (IL1 beta), IL2, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL9, IL10,

IL12p70, IL13, IL17, IL22, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), and interferon-gamma (IFN gamma). A cytokine bead immunoassay was used to perform simultaneous measurements. Results: The disease involving urinary and respiratory tract constituted 57.5% of all patients. The severity of infection was classified as follows: SIRS patients, n = 30; sepsis patients, n = 81; and septic shock/severe GSK J4 ic50 sepsis patients, n = 16. PCT, IL6, and CRP had high area under receiver operation characteristic curve (AUCs) and accuracy, which is as follows: PCT: 0.841, 80.5%; IL6: 0.811, 77.1%; CRP: 0.784, 73.8%, respectively. Severity of sepsis could be discriminated by PCT, IL6, and IL5. Unlike other cytokines, IFN gamma had an inverse relation with severity of sepsis. The relationship between cytokine profiles and clinical diagnosis of sepsis was unclear. Conclusions: PCT, IL6, and CRP values could assist diagnosis, and PCT, IL6, and IL5 had discriminative properties for determination of severity of sepsis.

(C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Previous studies in mammals have shown that organoselenium depletes the cellular antioxidant, glutathione (GSH) due to activation of organoselenides to organoselenoxides by flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMO). Since FMO tends to be induced in euryhaline fish exposed to hypersaline conditions, the developmental toxicity of salinity and organoselenium

was examined in the euryhaline fish Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). FMO activity, GSH, and selenium concentrations in Japanese medaka embryos were measured following a 24-h exposure to 0.05 mM L-selenomethionine (SeMet) under different saline conditions: freshwater (<0.5 dS/m), 4.2, 6.7, learn more and 16.8 dS/m. Concentrations of GSH and the hatch-out ratio of the SeMet-treated embryos decreased in a salinity dependent manner. While SeMet treatment Selleckchem Panobinostat led to accumulation within embryos, selenium concentrations were unaltered by salinity treatment. Compared to freshwater-exposed embryos, microsomes from embryos at 6.7 and 16.8 dS/m had enhanced oxidation of SeMet to the selenoxide (10- and 14.3-fold, respectively), which correlated with GSH depletion. The results show that increased SeMet oxidation by hypersaline conditions with subsequent GSH depletion may play an important role in

the developmental toxicity of selenomethionine. Fludarabine in vitro (C) 2011 Elsevier By. All rights reserved.”
“In the binuclear centrosymmetric title compound, [Ag(2)(NCS)(2)(C(21)H(21)P)(4)]center dot 0.35H(2)O, a pseudo-polymorph of [Ag(2)(NCS)(2)(C(21)H(21)P)(4)]center dot 2CH(3)CN, the Ag atom is coordinated by two phosphine

ligands and two bridging thiocyanate ligands in a distorted tetrahedral configuration. The crystal structure exhibits intermolecular C-H center dot center dot center dot pi interactions.”
“Although pregnancy is considered as a physiological state, most pregnant women in developed countries receive multiple medications to prevent maternal or neonatal complications, with antibiotics among the most frequently prescribed. During pregnancy, antibiotics are often prescribed in the context of preterm labor, intrapartum fever, prevention of neonatal Group B Streptococcus fever, and cesarean section. Outside this period, they are commonly prescribed in the community setting for respiratory, urinary, and ear, nose and throat infection symptoms. Whereas some of the current indications have insightful reasons to justify their use, potential risks related to overuse and misuse may surpass the benefits. Of note, the recent 2014 World Health Assembly expressed serious concern regarding antibiotic resistance due to antibiotic overuse and misuse and urged immediate action to combat antibiotic resistance on a global scale.

w. chaperones are superior to conventional chaperones as a vaccine platform to deliver large protein Ags, and provide a rationale for translating this recombinant chaperoning-based vaccine to future clinical investigation. The Journal of Immunology, 2010, 184: 6309-6319.”
“Positron emission tomography (PET) studies proposed

a therapeutic window of D-2 receptor occupancy (65%-80%) of antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia in young adults. However, this conclusion has been drawn from clinical PET studies using small sample sizes (< 20). Prospective PET studies that measured D-2 occupancy levels and assessed extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) and/or treatment response induced by antipsychotics (excluding partial agonists) were identified, using MEDLINE and EMBASE (last search: March 2010). Individual subjects were divided into 2 groups based on EPS status (ie, presence or lack of newly selleck products emergent EPS) and treatment response (ie, a >= 25% or >= 50% reduction in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale or Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale). To evaluate the performance of this binary classification,

sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of consecutive cutoff points in the D-2 occupancy NVP-LDE225 were calculated: Accuracy = (True Positive + True Negative) / Total N. Twelve studies, including a total of 82 subjects, were included in our analyses. The cutoff points associated with 0.5 or greater in both sensitivity and VRT 826809 specificity with the greatest accuracy were 77% to 78% for EPS, 60% for a 25% or greater symptom reduction, and 72% for a 50% or greater symptom reduction. These findings support the presence

of a therapeutic window of 60% to 78% D-2 occupancy of antipsychotics in young adults with schizophrenia and may suggest the presence of a continuum of effectiveness with increasing occupancy within this therapeutic window.”
“Background: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease and is common among patients with type 2 diabetes. However, no systematic screening for LVH is currently recommended for patients with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether NT-proBNP was superior to 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) for detection of LVH in patients with type 2 diabetes.\n\nMethods: Prospective cross-sectional study comparing diagnostic accuracy of ECG and NT-proBNP for the detection of LVH among patients with type 2 diabetes. Inclusion criteria included having been diagnosed for > 5 years and/or on treatment for type 2 diabetes; patients with Stage 3/4 chronic kidney disease and known cardiovascular disease were excluded. ECG LVH was defined as either the Sokolow-Lyon or Cornell voltage criteria. NT-proBNP level was measured using the Roche Diagnostics Elecsys assay. Left ventricular mass was assessed from echocardiography. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was carried out and area under the curve (AUC) was calculated.

The vestibular test battery consisted of

alternating bithermal caloric testing; computerized sinusoidal vertical axis rotation (at frequencies 0.01-0.64) with infrared videonystagmography; and oculomotor and positional testing including bilateral Dix-Hallpike, head center supine, and 30-degree supine head turns right and tell.\n\nResults: Eight of the 56 subjects had caloric weakness. Ispinesib Forty-five subjects (80%) had abnormal tilt table test findings. The incidence of coexistent neurocardiogenic and vestibular test abnormalities was 10.7%. There was no significant association between abnormal tilt table test result and caloric weakness (Fisher exact test; P=.64). The degree of compensation seen on vestibule-ocular reflex gain testing did not affect tilt table findings (chi(2); P = .872).\n\nConclusions: There is no difference in the rate of postural orthostatic intolerance in

subjects with evidence of caloric weakness compared with those with normal caloric function. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“The optimization of dielectric properties of barium rare earth titanate was carried out by simultaneous substitution of Sm, La and Bi ions. The effects of substitution of Bi on dielectric and structural characteristics of Ba(4)(La(0.3)Sm(0.7))(9.33)Ti(18)O(54) were investigated. The solid solutions, Ba(4)(La((1-y-z))Sm(y)Bi(z))(9.33)Ti(18)O(54) with y = 0.7 and z = 0.0-0.2, Transferase inhibitor synthesized by solid state reaction technique were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The dielectric properties were measured using a network analyzer in the frequency range ML323 0.3-3.0 GHz. It has been found that Bi substitution not only increases the dielectric constant but also improves the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency. However the tangent loss increases with increase

in Bi substitution. Among the investigated compositions, Ba(4)(La((1-y-z))Sm(y)Bi(z))(9.33)Ti(18)O(54) dielectric ceramic with y = 0.7 and z = 1.0 has got high dielectric constant (82), low tangent loss (3.3 x 10(-3)) at 3 GHz and near zero temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (-5 ppm/degrees C). It could be suitable candidate for applications in wireless communication systems. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.”
“Background During long-term anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation, temporary interruptions (TIs) of therapy are common, but the relationship between patient outcomes and TIs has not been well studied. We sought to determine reasons for TI, the characteristics of patients undergoing TI, and the relationship between anticoagulant and outcomes among patients with TI.

Genomic DNA structure was not damaged except for an extremely high ClO2 concentration

(100 mg L-1). Electron micrographs showed that cell surface damage was pronounced and disruption in inner cell components was also apparent. The ion leakage, the inhibition of key enzyme activities of metabolic pathway, and the alteration of cell structure were critical events in S. cerevisiae inactivation by ClO2.”
“With the accelerating introduction of engineered nanomaterials into commercial products and their potential use in water-treatment processes, it is inevitable that these materials will ultimately reside at some level in our recreational and drinking waters, thereby creating a critical need to detect and to quantify them in those media.\n\nMuch is known about the diversity of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in the environment but almost nothing about their characterization and detection in the natural aquatic AZD5363 environment.\n\nThere is no conventional treatment that can absolutely protect the

consumer from exposure to ENPs either through recreational use or consumption of drinking waters. The question is whether this exposure poses a significant public health risk.\n\nUnfortunately, we are far from having methods to obtain data Rabusertib in vitro on occurrence levels, fate, and transport of ENPs in aquatic systems. Before a sound analytical approach can be developed, we need a fuller understanding of the nanomaterial domain which requires an evaluation of the matrix of source materials,

their transformation in the natural aquatic environment, and their physical/chemical behavior that is specific to the water medium.\n\nWe review characterization techniques that are used for identifying different types of ENP, and then, by extrapolation from isolation techniques appropriate for extracting ENPs from water, suggest approaches to analyzing them in a variety of waters. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“This paper describes a simple framework developed by the World Health Organization, used to convey the concept of comprehensive and integrated public health response structures and to identify core public https://www.selleckchem.com/products/blasticidin-s-hcl.html health capacity development needs. The framework highlights five core components of a response: surveillance, healthcare response, public health intervention, communication and command. This paper notes that to mount an effective public health response, each component requires sufficient capacity to meet demand, and effective relationships and mechanisms need to be established between components that support coordination, communication and collaboration. (C) 2009 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Since continuous IV epoprostenol was approved in the U.S., parenteral prostanoid therapy has remained the gold standard for the treatment of patients with advanced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).

These young adult data in the UK are consistent with the hypothesis that many of

the undiagnosed cases must be CAKUT or tubular disease.”
“Background Fibrinolytic activity in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is activated in humans by different pathologic processes.\n\nObjectives To investigate fibrinolytic activity in the CSF of dogs with neurological disorders by measuring CSF D-dimer concentrations.\n\nAnimals One hundred and sixty-nine dogs with neurological disorders, 7 dogs with systemic inflammatory diseases without central nervous system involvement (SID), and 7 healthy Beagles were included in the study. Dogs with neurological disorders included 11 with steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA), 37 with other inflammatory neurological diseases (INF), 38 with neoplasia affecting the central nervous system (NEO), 28 with spinal compressive disorders (SCC), 15 with idiopathic epilepsy (IE), and 40 Selleckchem PD98059 with noninflammatory

neurological disorders (NON-INF).\n\nMethods Selleck Fedratinib Prospective observational study. D-dimers and C-reactive protein (CRP) were simultaneously measured in paired CSF and blood samples.\n\nResults D-dimers and CRP were detected in 79/183 (43%) and in 182/183 (99.5%) CSF samples, respectively. All dogs with IE, SID, and controls had undetectable concentrations of D-dimers in the CSF. CSF D-dimer concentrations were significantly (P < .001) higher in dogs with SRMA than in dogs with other diseases and controls. CSF CRP concentration in dogs with SRMA was significantly (P < .001) higher than in dogs of other groups and controls, except for the SID group. No correlation was found between blood and CSF D-dimer concentrations.\n\nConclusions and Clinical Importance Intrathecal fibrinolytic activity seems to be activated in some canine neurological disorders, and it is high in severe meningeal inflammatory diseases. CSF D-dimer concentrations may be considered a diagnostic marker for SRMA.”
“Hydrodynamic

simulations of dynamic compression experiments reveal that heating as well as entropy production in the target are much lower along quasi-isentropes, generated using impactors employing functionally graded material (FGM), than in shock compression. The possibility selleck inhibitor of achieving quasi-isentropic compression using FGM, in both gas gun and explosive driven systems, was explored in a recent paper. Qualitative analyses of temporal profiles of pressure pulse generated in the target, obtained with various density distributions within FGM impactors, showed that quadratic density variation is most suitable. This paper attempts to re-establish this finding by identifying the signatures of quasi-isentropic compression from basic thermodynamic aspects. It is shown that quadratic density variation is most suitable candidate as it leads to least entropy increase for a specific peak pressure.