6, 137.6, 134.3, 134.1, 130.4, 130.2, 129.4, 129.1, 128.8, 128.2, 128.1, 126.7, 125.4, 123.2, 122.6, 115.3, 55.2 HRMS (EI) m/z calcd for C23H15ClN2O3S: 434.0492; found: 434.0488. This compound was prepared as per the above mentioned procedure purified and isolated as pale yellow solid: yield 72.6% mp 212 °C; IR (KBr) vmax 2950, 2840, 1718, 1290,747 cm−1; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ ppm; 11 (s, 1H, COOH), 7.24–7.99 (m,11H, Ar–H), 2.47 (s, 3H, SCH3); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ ppm; 168.4, 157.7, 144.6, 141.6, 139.6, 137.8, 134.4, 130.8, 130.4, 129.4, 129.2, 129.1, 128.7, 127.5, 127.3, 126.4, 124.2,

HIF pathway 122.6, 15.5; HRMS (EI) m/z calcd for C23H15ClN2O2S2: 450.0263; found: 450.0261. This compound was prepared as per the above mentioned procedure purified and isolated as dark yellow solid: yield 41.10% mp 201 °C; IR (KBr) vmax 2950, 2810, 1719, 1320, cm−1; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ ppm; 11 (s, 1H, COOH), 7.24–8.10 (m, 11H, Ar–H), 3.79 (s, 3H, OCH3) 2.22 (s, 3H, CH3); 13C Wnt inhibitor NMR (CDCl3) δ ppm; 168.2,

162.6, 157.7, 144.2, 139.4, 137.4, 135.3, 133.4, 132.6, 130.2, 129.7, 129.4, 128.6, 126.6, 125.8, 123.6, 121.4, 115.6, 56.2, 22.3; HRMS (EI) m/z calcd for C24H18N2O3S: 414.1038; found: 414.1033. This compound was prepared as per the above mentioned procedure purified and isolated as slight yellowish solid: yield 83.55% mp 201 °C; IR (KBr) vmax 2950,2863, 1710, 1320, cm−1; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ ppm; 11 (s, 1H, COOH), 7.10–8.10 (m, 11H, Ar–H), 3.90 (s, 6H, OCH3); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ ppm; 169.2, 162.5, 157.7, 144.5, 139.6, 137.7, 132.5, 129.5, 128.5, 126.8, 125.2, 123.8, 122.4, 115.3, 56.5; HRMS (EI) m/z calcd for C24H18N2O4S: 430.4757; found: 430.4754. This compound

was prepared as per the above mentioned procedure purified and isolated as slight yellowish solid: yield 82.9% mp 203 °C; IR (KBr) Megestrol Acetate vmax 2950, 2715, 1714, 1220, 1140, cm−1; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ ppm; 11 (s, 1H COOH), 7.36–8.10 (m, 11H, Ar–H), 2.99 (s, 3H, SCH3), 3.81 (s, 3H, OCH3); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ ppm; 168.2, 162.7, 157.3, 144.2, 141.2, 139.6, 137.3, 132.5, 129.2, 128.8, 127.3, 127.1, 126.8, 123.6, 121.7, 115.3, 56.2, 15.8; HRMS (EI) m/z calcd for C24H18N2 O3 S2: 446.0759; found: 446.0754. This compound was prepared as per the above mentioned procedure purified and isolated as pale yellow solid: yield 66.3%; mp 210 °C; IR (KBr) vmax 2928, 2831, 1710, 1650, 1270, 740 cm−1; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ ppm; 11 (s, 1H, COOH), 7.12–8.99 (m, 10H, Ar–H), 2.65 (s, 3H, CH3); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ ppm; 168.2, 157.2, 144.6, 139.7, 137.7, 137.0, 135.5, 131.7, 130.2, 130.0, 129.3, 129.1, 128.4, 127.7, 126.8, 125.2, 124.2, 122.4, 22.4; HRMS (EI) m/z calcd for C23H14Cl2N2O2S: 452.0153; found: 452.0150.

Minaprine was withdrawn from the market due to seizure liabilities (Fung et al., 2001). Globally, seizures represent

one of the most frequent causes of injury or death in human clinical trials (Bass, Kinter, & Williams, 2004). Electroencephalography (EEG) can be applied in both non-clinical studies and clinical trials to assess adverse drug effects on the central nervous system (CNS), including detection of seizure activity (Authier et al., 2009 and Leiser et al., 2011). Although convulsions, defined as involuntary contractions of voluntary muscles, can typically be identified by clinical observation, confirmation of seizure activity, which by definition is due to abnormal brain electrophysiological activity, requires the review of EEG. Morphological characteristics FK228 suggestive of altered seizure threshold or

frank seizure, including increased synchrony, repetitive sharp waves, slow-wave complexes Z-VAD-FMK molecular weight or spike trains, can be detected by EEG monitoring (Aiello & Mays, 1998). Sharp waves are defined as EEG transients with a duration of 70 to 200 ms, whereas spikes have a duration of 20 to 70 ms (Stern, 2013). In humans, EEG typically reveals bursts of low amplitude, rhythmic and synchronized activity prior to seizure onset (Niederhauser, Esteller, Echauz, Vachtsevanos, & Litt, 2003). These observations are also considered as typical present in animals. Paroxysmal EEG activity, which may be premonitory to seizure (Authier et al., 2009), is useful in neurological safety assessments (Authier et al., 2009). When seizures are observed in non-clinical studies, characterization

of the seizure and the pharmacology surrounding the event are valuable to clinicians these subsequently conducting clinical trials, as information regarding the type of seizure, the timing relative to drug administration, the maximum plasma drug concentration (Cmax), precursor clinical signs and dose dependency will provide the clinicians with the necessary tools to properly monitor their patients ( Avila, 2011). Without EEG monitoring during non-clinical studies, seizures are typically characterized only by their overt clinical signs. Clonic convulsions are defined as rapid alternation between muscular contraction and relaxation, whereas a continuous muscular contraction characterizes tonic convulsions ( Blood & Studdert, 1988).

for C18H14N2O6 (354.31): C, 61.02; H, 3.98; N, 7.91 Found: C, 59.99; H, 4.01; N, 7.89. 1-(4-acetylphenyl)-3-(4-Aminophenyloxy)-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione 5f. Dark brown solid. Yield 90%; M.p. 98° (hexane/MeOH). FTIR (KBr): 1724, 1599, 1344, 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO), 3.45 (DMSO solvent); 2.04 (s, 3H); 2.5 (s, J = 5, 1H); 5.3 (s, J = 10, 1H), 6.52 (dd, J = 10, 1H), 6.55 (dd, J = 10, 1H), 8.32 learn more (dd, J = 15, 1H), 8.34 (dd, J = 15, 2H). 13C NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) 22.8, 31, 81.7, 114, 120, 126.9, 127.85, 128, 129, 130.22, 133, 135.9, 137, 138, 163, 167.78, 171 δ ppm; ESIMS m/z 354 (M + H) Anal. Calc. for C18H14N2O6 (354.31): C, 61.02; H, 3.98; N, 7.91 Found: C, 59.99; H, 4.01; N, 7.89. 1-(4-acetylphenyl)-3-(Salicylicacidyloxy)-pyrrolidine-2,5-diones 5g. Light brown solid. Yield 93%; M.p. 115° (hexane/MeOH). FTIR (KBr): 1724, 1599, 1344, 1H NMR (500 MHz, HIF inhibitor DMSO), 3.45 (DMSO solvent); 2.04

(s, 3H); 2.5 (s, J = 5, 1H); 5.3 (s, J = 10, 1H), 6.52 (dd, J = 10, 1H), 6.55 (dd, J = 10, 1H), 7.34 (m, 4H), 10.2 (s, 1H). 13C NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) 22.8, 31, 80.7, 114,

120, 126.9, 127.85, 128, 129, 130.22, 133, 135.9, 137, 138, 163, 167.78, 171, 189 δ ppm; ESIMS m/z 355 (M + 2H) Anal. Calc. for C19H15NO6 (353.32): C, 64.59; H, 4. 28; N, 3.96 Found: C, 64.57; H, 4.29; N, 4.0. 1-(4-acetylphenyl)-3-(Salicyldehydoxy)-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione 5h. Light orange solid. Yield 91%; M.p. 128° (hexane/MeOH). FTIR (KBr): 1721, 1600, 1345, 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO), 3.45 (DMSO solvent); 2.04 (s, 3H); 2.5 (s, J = 5, 1H); 5.3 (s, J = 10, 1H), 6.52 (dd, J = 10, 1H), 6.55 (dd, J = 10, 1H), 7.32 (m, 4H), 7.34 (dd, J = 10, 2H), 8.7 (s, 1H). 13C NMR (500 MHz, DMSO), 22.8, 31, 80.7, 114, 120, 121, 126.9, 127.85, 128, 129, 130.22, Cytidine deaminase 133, 135.9, 137, 138, 163, 168, 174 δ ppm; ESIMS m/z 337 (M + ) Anal. Calc. for C19H15NO5 (337.32): C, 67.65; H, 4. 48; N, 4.15 Found: C, 67.63; H, 4.46; N, 4.11. 1-(4-acetylphenyl)-3-(3-methylphenyloxy)-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione 5i. Brown solid. Yield 93%; M.p. 149° (hexane/MeOH). FTIR (KBr): 1720, 1599, 1340, 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO), 3.45 (DMSO solvent); 2.04 (s, 3H); 2.5 (s, J = 5, 1H); 5.3 (s, J = 10, 1H), 6.52 (dd, J = 10, 1H), 6.55 (dd, J = 10, 1H), 7.32 (dd, J = 10, 1H), 7.34 (dd, J = 10, 2H). 13C NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) 11, 22, 31, 80, 114, 120, 126.9, 127.85, 128, 129, 130.22, 133, 135.9, 137, 138, 163,1 67.78, 171 δ ppm; ESIMS m/z 324 (M + H) Anal. Calc.

Such heterogeneities likely also impact the probability of emergence of zoonotic influenza viruses in the human population and call for further research. NLG919 Influenza virus pathogenicity may represent another key yet under-studied component of human-to-human transmission barriers, by likewise impacting influenza transmission and infectious period. Influenza virus pathogenicity determines at least in part influenza morbidity and mortality, and the ability and speed of recovery. These in turn influence the infectious period (Eq. (1)). Furthermore, pathogenicity may influence transmissibility

and transmission rate β by impacting contact rates between infected and naïve individuals as well as viral excretion (see below). It is important to note however that only pathogenic effects of influenza occurring during the acute infection may impact R0. Severe respiratory disease, such as primary viral pneumonia, can occur upon acute

influenza virus infection and results from infection of epithelial cells in deeper parts of the respiratory tract and associated immune responses [163]. Pneumonia does not induce coughing and other respiratory signs that may facilitate aerosol transmission of the virus, and strongly impairs infected individuals, reducing their contact with naive individuals. Severe respiratory lesions and associated inflammation AG-014699 ic50 in the deep lungs may further reduce excretion of virus particles from these regions due to impairment of the muco-ciliary escalator and mechanical obstruction of smaller airways. Less severe disease associated with

infection of upper regions of the respiratory tract also is concurrent to acute infection and associated with the production and release of cytokines [188]. Although less dramatic than viral pneumonia, acute tracheo-bronchitis may as well impair infected individuals and reduce contact between infected and naïve individuals. On the other hand, clinical signs associated with tracheo-bronchitis include coughing, which may facilitate virus excretion and transmission. As a result, the role of pathogenicity on the ability of influenza virus to spread at the population level is difficult to assess, and therefore currently poorly understood. While transmissibility is a prerequisite for zoonotic influenza viruses to become pandemic, Mephenoxalone pathogenicity may have more subtle impact on their ability to successfully adapt to and sustainably spread in the human population. Three sets of barriers need to be crossed by zoonotic influenza viruses to fully adapt to and spread in the human population: (1) animal-to-human transmission barriers; (2) virus–cell interaction barriers; and (3) human-to-human transmission barriers. Adaptive changes allowing zoonotic influenza viruses to cross these barriers have been identified and represent key knowledge for improved pandemic preparedness (Table 5).

8 In the current study, high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC–QTOFMS) has been used for non-targeted analysis of phytochemical profile modification during refrigerated storage of untreated stem juice of T. cordifolia. T. cordifolia (W) Mier (Menispermaceae), is referred to as “nectar of immortality” and “heavenly elixir” and a well

known plant for its PI3K inhibitor traditional medicinal properties. The importance of the plant can be understood by its very wide use and coverage in Indian news papers during the Swine breakthrough in the India. This shrub is well reported for its immuno-modulator and adaptogenic properties. 9, 10 and 11 It is a popular ingredient in many formulations in various forms such as juice, paste, prepared starches, powders and decoctions which are used as anti-oxidant, 12 anti-cancer, 13 anti-inflammatory, high throughput screening 14 anti-diabetic 15 and special decoctions in gouts and rejuvenating tonic. 16 It is the main drug of choice for hepatic aliments.

17 Syringin and cordiol inhibited the in vitro immunohaemolysis due to inhibition of the C3-convertase of the classical complement pathway. Humoral and cell-mediated immunity were also dose-dependently enhanced. Macrophage activation was reported for cordioside, cordiofolioside A and cordiol. A very few studies have reported the impact of refrigeration and time on the juices of medicinal plants on the degradation of bioactive compounds. In present study, UPLC–QTOFMS data of T. cordifolia juice however was analysed by commercially available software packages to obtain PCA and PLS-DA at different time intervals. Stems of same diameter of four year old T. cordifolia Miers (protected from the use of any type of pesticides) were

collected from Medicinal Plant Garden of NRIBAS, Pune. The samples collected during rainy season were authenticated by Dr GB Rao and preserved as Voucher No. 296 in herbarium. Standard compounds lidocaine, D-camphor, 5, 7-isoflavone and berberine were purchased from MP Biomedicals (each of purity ≥99%). Acetonitrile, formic acid and water of LCMS grade were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich. Stems of T. cordifolia were washed with deionized water. The juice of 15 g stem sample was extracted with 15 ml deionized water (Direct-Q, Millipore) at 25 °C and centrifuged at 15,000 g for 10 min at 4 °C temperature to remove debris. Equal volumes of juice and ethanol were mixed and kept in −80 °C for 5 h to ensure complete protein precipitation and centrifuged at 15,000g for 10 min at 4 °C temperature to remove protein precipitates. Lidocaine (234.3m/z) and 5, 7-isoflavone (284.3 m/z) were infused with samples as standard markers. The juice samples were stored at 4 °C till further use. The chromatographic separation of T. cordifolia stem juice was carried out using Zorbax Eclipse Plus reversed phase C18 column (250 mm × 2.

Absolute difference between all assay values for freshly prepared and stored sample solutions at room temperature for 24 h was not more than 2.0%. The study shows that solution was stable up to 24 h. The proposed method was applied for determination of content of imiquimod in the marketed PD-0332991 chemical structure samples of Imiquimod cream. Imiquimod cream samples from different

manufacturers were purchased from market and analyzed for the amount of imiquimod using this proposed method. Results of analysis matched with percent label claim of marketed creams. Literature survey reveals that there is no method reported for determination of imiquimod content from Imiquimod cream using reverse phase HPLC. Retention time of Imiquimod is about 3.0 min and

total run time is only 5 min. Very few methods are reported for imiquimod API and some biological samples but no any method reported for topical preparation (cream samples). The proposed method was found accurate, simple, precise, rapid and economical. Method validation parameters meet the specifications laid down in ICH guidelines. Hence, the method can be easily and conveniently adopted for routine analysis of imiquimod content in imiquimod cream. All authors have none to declare. Department of Chemistry, Karmveer Bhaurao Patil Mahavidyalaya, Pandharpur, Maharashtra, India, affiliated to Solapur University, Solapur is gratefully acknowledged for providing resources for the project. ”
“Controlled release technology now forms the essence of modern compound screening assay and future drug delivery system for last several decades in terms of clinical efficacy and patient compliances.1 Sodium alginate from has been used as a matrix material to achieve controlled-release drug delivery due to its hydrogel-forming properties.2 and 3 The ability of alginate sodium salt, to rapidly form viscous solutions and gels on contact with aqueous media has been exploited by the pharmaceutical industry in sodium alginate’s wide application as a carrier in hydrophilic matrix controlled release oral dosage forms. Matrices incorporating alginate salts have

been employed to successfully prolong the release of many drugs.4, 5 and 6 Recent trends indicate that multiparticulate drug delivery systems are especially suitable for achieving controlled or delayed release oral formulations with low risk of dose dumping, flexibility of blending to attain different release patterns as well as reproducible and short gastric residence time.7 and 8 Floating drug delivery system belongs to oral controlled drug delivery system group that are capable of floating in the stomach by bypassing the gastric transit. These dosage forms are also defined as gas powered system (GPS), which can float in the contents of the stomach and release the drug in a controlled manner for prolonged periods of time. The release rate will be controlled depending upon the type and concentration of the polymer that swells, leads to diffusion and erosion of the drug.

, Basel, Switzerland) or ranibizumab (0.5 mg/0.05 cc; Novartis Pharma Stein AG, Stein, Switzerland) was injected into the vitreous cavity using a 29-gauge 0.5-inch needle inserted through the inferotemporal pars plana 3.0-3.5 mm posterior

to the limbus.21 After the injection, central retinal artery perfusion was confirmed with indirect ophthalmoscopy. Patients were instructed to instill 1 drop of 0.3% ciprofloxacin into the injected eye 4 times daily for 1 week after the procedure. Retreatment with the originally assigned treatment was performed monthly if central subfield thickness was greater than 275 μm. If, after 3 consecutive injections, there was not a reduction in central subfield thickness of at least 10% or an increase in BCVA of at least 5 letters compared with baseline, the patient could, at the discretion of the treating ophthalmologist, receive focal/grid laser photocoagulation or continue to receive Selleck GPCR Compound Library the same intravitreal medication for an additional 3 consecutive visits. Patients were scheduled for follow-up examinations at monthly intervals.

At these Obeticholic Acid supplier visits, patients’ BCVA was determined after ETDRS refraction, and they underwent complete ophthalmic examination using the same procedures as at baseline, with the exception of fluorescein angiography, which was performed only at the final follow-up visit. Examiners (E.T., F.P.P.A., R.P.) were masked regarding which treatment drug was used for each patient. Throughout the study, a single masked, certified examiner performed BCVA measurements prior to any other study procedure. Patients, OCT technicians, and fundus photographers were also masked to treatment group. Outcome measures include changes in ETDRS BCVA, changes in central subfield thickness, and occurrence of complications. BCVA and central subfield thickness measured at each follow-up visit were compared with baseline BCVA and central subfield thickness values for within- and between-group comparisons, which were performed using multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) for repeated measurements. Proportions of eyes with central subfield thickness ≤275 μm were others compared

using the likelihood ratio χ2 test. In addition, a multivariate analysis comparing BCVA and central subfield thickness outcomes in the IV bevacizumab group and IV ranibizumab group was performed, taking into account number of injections, baseline BCVA, and central subfield thickness as effects. A statistically significant effect was defined if P < .05, and a trend towards significance was reported if P < .1. Statistical analyses were performed using JMP 10.0.0 (2010; SAS Institute Inc, Cary, North Carolina, USA) software. Sample size and powering were based on a previous clinical trial on bevacizumab use for diabetic macular edema,14 where a mean change observed in central subfield thickness from baseline was −130 μm with a standard deviation of 122 μm.

For this purpose, serum from animals R38, R39 and R40 were selected based upon their high HPV31 and HPV33 neutralizing antibody titers. Supplementary Fig. S1.   Type-specific and cross-neutralizing antibody specificity. Neutralizing antibody

capacity of tetravalent rabbit sera following pre-incubation (competition) with indicated VLP (red bars) compared to no VLP control (blue bars) against indicated pseudovirus (PsV) target. Pre-incubation with HPV16 and HPV58 VLP reduced neutralizing antibody titers against their respective pseudoviruses by a median 427-fold (or 2.6 log10). For the two animals, R38 and R39, that had the highest levels of HPV31 neutralizing antibodies (Fig. AUY-922 supplier 4), competition with HPV16 or HPV31 VLP, but not HPV33 or HPV58 VLP, reduced neutralizing antibody titers against HPV31 pseudovirus. Similarly, for animals R39 and R40 only competition with HPV33 or HPV58 VLP reduced the HPV33 neutralizing antibody titer. These data corroborate the source of the cross-neutralizing antibodies, as expected (Fig. 2), and appear to discount any potential additive effect within the context of a tetravalent immunogen. In addition, competition for HPV31 and HPV33 neutralizing antibodies with HPV31 and HPV33

VLP, respectively, did not impact on the pseudovirus TGF-beta inhibitor neutralization of the archetypal HPV16 and HPV58 pseudoviruses, respectively. We undertook a comprehensive evaluation of the antigenic and immunogenic properties of the major capsid proteins derived from HPV Calpain genotypes within the Alpha-7 and Alpha-9 species groups. We immunized BALB/c mice and NZW rabbits with Cervarix® and compared the resulting HPV16, HPV31 and BPV neutralization titers to those generated in humans [20]. The virtual absence of HPV31 cross-neutralizing antibodies in mice sera, compared to the similar HPV31 neutralizing antibody titers generated in rabbits and humans, led us to select NZW rabbits as the host species for the remainder of the study. The neutralization checkerboard derived using single VLP immunogens and pseudovirus target antigens corroborates and

extends previous observations on the largely type-specific nature of VLP-derived neutralizing antibodies. However, we did observe reciprocal cross-neutralization between HPV33 and HPV58 and, to a lesser extent, between HPV39 and HPV59 suggesting some antigenic similarity between these genotypes. A genetic distance matrix of the amino acid sequences of the surface-exposed loops further clarified the relationships between these Alpha-7 and Alpha-9 genotypes [39], [40] and [41] and suggested that the observed antigenic proximity of HPV33 and HPV58 may be reflected in the L1 amino acid sequence similarity of these two types, although the apparent reciprocal recognition between HPV39 and HPV59 is less obvious from the phylogenetic relationship between these two types.

Yaalon’s

continuous friendship, loyal support, and inspiring cooperation over the Caspase inhibitor last 40 years. Dan H. Yaalon was born in 1924, between the two World Wars, in an assimilated Jewish family in the former Czechoslovakia. The course of his life – studies in Denmark and Sweden, graduating from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, UNESCO fellow in Tashkent (former USSR), and guest professorships in the U.K., USA, Australia, and Belgium – is a vivid testimony not only of the tragic history of Europe and the Jewish people during World War II, but also of a rich and fulfilled life of a person dedicated to soil science. Experiencing flesh and blood, in his own life events of historical dimensions, he got MLN0128 datasheet interested in the “laws of history” and it took only a small step for him to make the transfer to introduce such historical thinking into his own field of science, the intensive study of the “History of Soil Science”. I first met Dan and his wife Rita in 1984 in their home in Jerusalem. But already long before, I knew him as an outstanding scientist, and was privileged to get

acquainted with him via “correspondence” through our editorial work for CATENA. He had a courageous and fighting spirit, who did not hesitate to speak the truth about the quality of an article, and I learned to appreciate his sharp mind, and his fair and honest reviews. His work was marked by high ethical standards. Dan belonged to the group of founding editors of the interdisciplinary journal CATENA in 1973. He never hesitated to point out flaws and shortcomings that inevitably accompany the foundation of a new international journal embarking on the new idea of interdisciplinary research

— “GeoEcology”. My late husband, Heinrich Rohdenburg, who served as the Chief Editor of CATENA until his untimely death in 1987, once told me that “this is a real friend, a true supporter of the new idea and the new Journal”. When I took over as Chief Editor of CATENA after Heinrich, a Joint Chief Editors forum was established. I approached Dan at the 1995 INQUA meeting in Berlin and asked him if he would serve as one of the Chief Editors. these He replied “Are you sure? You must know that I am very critical. I am not an easy going person”. I answered “But that is why we need you.” He smiled and agreed. In 1981 we started with Dan as Editor of the first monograph in the series “CATENA SUPPLEMENTS”: “Aridic Soils and Geomorphic Processes”. In 1985 he co-edited “Volcanic Soils — Weathering of Landscape Relationships of Soils on Tephra and Basalt” with E. Fernandez Caldas. It was a special pleasure, an experiment, to work together on the project of the 1997 — “History of Soil Science — Perspectives” by Dan H. Yaalon & S.M. Berkowicz, Advances in GeoEcology (the follow-up of the CATENA SUPPLEMENTS).