Without pre-oxidation, the surface layer of Ti plate is exposed to be etched and dissolved in the reaction solution at a medium temperature. Simultaneously, the TiOH2+ and Ti(IV) polymer generated by the hydrolysis of TiCl3 would precipitate and deposit over the surface (Equations 1 and 2) so as to retard the corrosion of Ti plate and avoid the completed dissolution of Ti plate [17, 19]. For the NP-TiO2 film, after the first step of oxidation in

H2O2 solution, peroxo complexes coordinated to Ti(IV) have already formed, which cover most parts of the surface and be ready for further Caspase inhibitor growth by the interaction with the oxidation hydrolytic products of TiCl3. However, it is also possible that HCl solution enters the interstitial of the TiO2 nanorod film and induces etching of the substrate Ti. At the experimental temperature, the dissolution of Ti is

slow. With the reorganization of Ti(IV) polymer precursor, a porous structure forms over the Ti plate, as shown in Figure 1F. (1) (2) Figure 1 FE-SEM images of TiO 2 films over Ti plates. (A, B) TiO2-1, (C, D) TiO2-2, and (E, F) NP-TiO2 (the inset in (F) shows the digital picture of the NP-TiO2 film). Figure 2A is the XRD Selleck eFT508 pattern of NP-TiO2 film. The strong diffraction peaks at about 35.2°, 38.7°, 40.4°, 53.3°, and 63.5° can be assigned to the metallic Ti (JCPDS 44-1294). At the same time, the peak at 25.3° corresponds to the (101) plane of anatase phase TiO2 (JCPDS 83-2243). Diffraction peaks of rutile or brookite cannot be found, indicating that the titania film is composed of exclusively anatase. DRS spectra SC79 concentration were measured to analyze the optical absorption properties of the films, as shown in Figure 2B. There is almost no optical adsorption for the TiO2-1 film, indicating that only a very thin layer of metallic Ti transforms into TiO2 after the calcination of Ti plate, and this contributes a poor photoresponse performance. TiO2-2 film displays Fludarabine solubility dmso a typical semiconductor optical absorption with the adsorption edge at about 380 nm,

corresponding to the band gap of anatase TiO2. However, the absorption is relatively low, indicating that only few of TiO2 nanoparticles deposit over the surface of TiO2-2 film. The strong optical absorption appearing below 400 nm for NP-TiO2 film suggests a full growth of TiO2 layer over the Ti plate. Moreover, several adsorption bands centered at about 480, 560, and 690 nm can be observed in the spectrum of NP-TiO2 film. They possibly originated from the periodic irregular nanoporous structure. Such nanoporous structure is favorable to increase the photoresponsible performance, because the incident light that entered the porous structure would extend the interaction of light with TiO2 and result in an enhanced absorption performance, which can be observed in other nanotube or photonic crystal structural TiO2 films [22, 23]. Figure 2 XRD pattern of NP-TiO 2 (A) and the DRS spectra of various films (B).