Immediately after the fireworks display, perchlorate in pond waters increased significantly, with concentrations from 30 to 1,480 times higher than the baseline values. Perchlorate concentrations in pond water increased from 0.11 mu g/L to up to 519 mu g/L, following the fireworks display in 2008. Perchlorate concentrations in pond water decreased at a first-order Selleck AG-14699 kinetic degradation rate, with a mean k(obs) value of 0.026 d(-1) and an average half-life of 29 d. The rate of perchlorate deposition into water bodies following fireworks displays was estimated to range from 670 to 2,620 g/ha. We also estimated the perchlorate ingestion rate by the inhalation of aerosols of pond water by people frequently

near the ponds. The

estimated daily intake of perchlorate through the ingestion of aerosols was 32% (226 ng/kg body wt), 13% (92 ng/kg body wt), and 6% (42 ng/kg body wt) of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency’s reference dose for infants, children, and adults, respectively. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30: 2449-2455. (C) 2011 SETAC”
“A novel method was exploited to use electrospun poly(DL-lactide)(PDLLA) fibers grafted with chitosan as the induction sites for composite fabrication to suit better the mechanical learn more and biological demands for biomedical applications. The amount of chitosan grafted on the fiber surface could be controlled by the aminolysis time, and the kinetic equations of HA growth were drafted YH25448 nmr as a function of the incubation time for fibrous scaffolds with different amounts of grafted chitosan. The introduction of amino groups and

chitosan on electrospun PDLLA fibers enhanced the cell proliferation due to the improved surface wettability and alleviated dimensional shrinkage. Significantly higher cytoviability and alkaline phosphatase levels were detected on mineralized scaffolds from chitosan grafted fibers than those from aminolyzed fibers, and cells interacted and integrated well with the surrounding fibers. The fibrous nanocomposites should have potential applications as functional coatings on medical devices and as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Acoustic landscapes, or soundscapes, can vary due to biological (‘biophony’), geophysical (‘geophony’) and anthropogenic (‘anthrophony’) components, and in some environments, such as many coral reefs, biophony dominates the soundscape. We compared 126 sound recordings from 3 different times of day (day, dusk and night) at 42 locations with concurrent fish and habitat surveys to investigate the relationships of acoustic parameters with biological and physical characteristics of coral reefs in the Gambier Archipelago, French Polynesia. Principal Component Analysis revealed that most of the variability in soundscapes could be described using only 4 factors: (1) full bandwidth root mean squared sound pressure level (SPL; 0.01 to 22.