“
“Surveillance systems monitoring the spread and divergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

strains are critical if preventive and therapeutic measures targeting MRSA infection are to be employed optimally. Surveillance provides information on the spread of MRSA, on the emergence of new strains within hospitals and communities, on the antibiotic resistance profile and virulence of strains, and on the risk factors associated with infection. These data help clinicians to provide appropriate empiric treatment of infections circulating in their region, leading to improved patient outcomes. While information on MRSA epidemiology in Latin America is growing, significant gaps exist in AZD8186 solubility dmso the available data, especially in local areas where fewer resources are available for characterizing and reporting MRSA strains. Here, we describe current knowledge of healthcare- and community-associated MRSA epidemiology in the region, and provide recommendations for future development of surveillance systems with

a view to providing robust data at regional, national and local levels.”
“A 31-year-old man underwent living-related kidney transplantation in 2004 as a consequence of primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Four years after the transplantation, we confirmed nephrotic syndrome caused by recurrent FSGS. We performed plasmapheresis and low-density lipoprotein adsorption. We also combined steroid therapy with a reduction in the dose of tacrolimus and an increased dose of mycophenolate Quisinostat price mofetil. The nephrotic syndrome improved dramatically with this combined

therapeutic approach. However, 10 months after these treatments, he revisited our hospital because of altered consciousness. We detected multiple tumor masses in his brain that were CH5424802 ring enhanced on contrast magnetic resonance imaging. Consequently, we suspected primary central nervous system post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (CNS-PTLD). We performed a craniotomy to biopsy the brain tumors. The biopsy specimen showed EpsteinBarr virus-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. There is no definitive treatment for CNS-PTLD. Therefore, we treated the primary CNS-PTLD successfully with whole-brain radiation and discontinuation of immunosuppression therapy.”
“Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clones belonging to the Brazilian, Pediatric, Cordobes/Chilean and New York/Japan clonal complexes are widely distributed across Latin America, although their individual distribution patterns and resistance to antimicrobial drugs are constantly changing. Furthermore, clones with increased virulence are beginning to appear more frequently both in hospital and community settings, and there is evidence that virulence factors can be transferred between hospital-and community-associated clones through recombination. These changing patterns have significant implications for clinical practice in the region.