Moreover, the in vitro functions of MycE and MycF proteins were characterized using the purified MycE and MycF proteins overexpressed in E. coli cells (Li et al., 2009; Fig. 1). The purified MycE and MycF proteins methylated the C2″-OH group of Idasanutlin solubility dmso 6-deoxyallose in mycinamicin VI (M-VI) and the C3″-OH group of

javose (i.e. C2″-methylated 6-deoxyallose) in M-III, respectively. Here, we have demonstrated the isolation and characterization of mycE and mycF disruption mutants obtained from M. griseorubida A11725, which would not possess the φC31 attB site on the chromosome, by the disruption cassette FRT-neo-oriT-FRT-attB and the genetic complemented strains, in which plasmids including each OMT gene –mycE or mycF– were inserted into the artificially inserted attB site. The strains used in this study are shown in Table

1. The culture conditions of M. griseorubida and E. coli were according to our previous report (Anzai et al., 2004a). FMM broth containing 7% dextrin, 0.5% glucose, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.5% soybean meal (Ajinomoto, Japan), 0.5% CaCO3, 0.1% K2HPO4, 0.4% MgSO4·7H2O, and 0.0002% CoCl2·6H2O was used for fermentation of M. griseorubida. The vectors used in this study are shown in Table 1. TaKaRa ExTaq® (TaKaRa, Japan) and PfuTurbo® (Stratagene) DNA polymerase used for the DNA fragment were amplified by PCR. Plasmid and genomic DNA amplification, restriction enzyme digestion, Cytoskeletal Signaling inhibitor fragment isolation, cloning, and DNA fragment amplification were performed according to standard procedures. Southern blot analysis was performed according to our previous procedure (Anzai et al., 2004a). Using pIJ776 containing FRT-neo-oriT-FRT as the template, the gene disruption cassette FRT-neo-oriT-FRT-attB was amplified by PfuTurbo® DNA polymerase

with the primers FRTF+attB containing the sequence of the bacteriophage φC31 attB attachment site and FRTR (Table 2). The PCR fragment was cloned into the EcoRV site of pLITMUS38 to generate pMG501. The mycE-disrupted plasmid, pMG502, was constructed using three restriction fragments (3.2 kb BamHI–MluI, 0.7 kb MluI–EcoRI, and 3.8 kb StuI–BamHI) derived from pMR01, and the 1.5-kb EcoRV fragment containing the disruption cassette FRT-neo-oriT-FRT-attB derived from pMG501. The 9.5-kb DNA learn more fragment linking these three restriction fragments and the disruption cassette together was inserted into the BglII and EcoRI sites on pSAN-lac to create pMG502. To generate pMG503 whose neo gene was in the opposite direction from the mycinose biosynthesis gene cluster, the 1.3-kb XbaI fragment including neo and oriT derived from pMG501 was ligated with the 15-kb XbaI fragment derived from pMG502. To construct pMG504 containing myrB, mycG, mycF, mycCI, and mycCII, the 2.4-kb BsiWI–StuI and 3.8-kb StuI–MluI fragments obtained from pMR01 were cloned into pLITMUS28 and pLITMUS38, respectively; then, the 2.4-kb BglII–StuI and 3.