Over the last decade, our research group has developed synthetic analogues of natural archaeal tetraether lipids and studied their uses in cationic archaeosome formulations as efficient gene delivery systems [16–18]. Our next objective was to evaluate the potential applications of archaeosome technology for the delivery of additional hydrophilic substrates such as antitumoral peptides

(Project Sealacian: encapsulation of natural marine peptides, extracted Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical from Scyliorhinus canicula, for their site-specific delivery). Our attention was then directed towards the preparation and the formulation of a PEGylated archaeal tetraether lipid (PEG45-Tetraether) to provide neutral coated archaeosomes valuable as peptide nanocarriers. In order to assess the value

of this new family of stealth liposomes, physicochemical characteristics (DLS, cryo-TEM, and HPTLC), dye encapsulation and release profile for a PEGylated archaeosome formulation were determined and compared to those measured from a conventional Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical PEGylated liposome formulation. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Materials Egg-PC was purchased from Sigma. 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine-N-[methoxy-poly(ethylene Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical glycol)-2000], ammonium salt, (PEG45-DSPE) was purchased from Aventi Polar. PEG45-Tetraether was synthesized according to a four-step procedure from the tetraether diol 1 available in our laboratory [13]. All reactions were carried out Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical under nitrogen atmosphere with dry, freshly distilled solvents under anhydrous conditions. Dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) and methanol (MeOH) were distilled over calcium hydride. All other reagents were used directly from the supplier without further purification unless noted. Analytical thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was performed on Merck 60 F254 silica gel nonactivated plates. A solution of 5% H2SO4 in EtOH or ultraviolet fluorescence was Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical used to develop the plates. Column chromatography was performed on silica gel MERCK

60 H (5–40μm). Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (1H NMR and 13C NMR) were recorded on a Brucker ARX 400 instrument (1H at 400MHz, 13C at 100MHz). Data are reported as follows: chemical shift (number of hydrogen, multiplicity, and coupling constants if applicable). Dichloromethane dehalogenase The chemical shifts (δ) are reported as parts per million (ppm) referenced to the appropriate residual solvent peak. Coupling constants are reported in Hertz (Hz). Abbreviations are as follows: s (singlet), d (doublet), t (triplet), q (quartet), dd (doublet of doublet), and m (multiplet). High-resolution mass spectra (HRMS) were performed by CRMPO (Université de Rennes 1) on a MS/MS ZabSpec TOF Micromass. Dinaciclib Accurate masses are reported for the molecular ions [M+H]+, [M+Na]+, [M+K]+, or [M−H]−. Optical rotations were measured on a Perkin-Elmer 341 polarimeter.