Conclusion: Treatment with the Endurant stent-graft is technically feasible and safe, yielding satisfactory results even in challenging anatomies. Medium- and long-term data are needed to verify durability, but early results are promising. (C) 2012 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“BACKGROUND:
Rice hull, an abundant residue but a big issue for the rice processing industry, has the potential to serve as a feedstock for production of ethanol because of its lignocellulosic composition. Simultaneous wet SGC-CBP30 in vitro ball milling and mild acid hydrolysis of rice hull was studied in this work.
RESULTS: Ball milling with 150 small stainless steel beads and rotation speed of 600 rpm in citrate solvent of pH 4 was the optimal condition for hydrolysis, and the yield of sugar increased with increased milling time. Corresponding structure transformations before and after milling analyzed Proteasome inhibitor drugs by X-ray diffraction (XRD),
environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and transmission fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) clearly indicate that this hydrolysis could be attributed to the crystalline and chemical structure changes of cellulose in rice hull during ball milling in mild acid solvent.
CONCLUSION: This combined treatment of ball milling and citrate solvent greatly changed the crystalline and chemical structure and continuously generated sites accessible to citrate solvent, thus enabling hydrolysis of the rice hull. (C) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry”
“Objectives: To examine the longitudinal migratory force required to cause disconnection of the bifurcated
distal body component from the tubular proximal body of a fenestrated stent-graft.
Methods: Using a previously reported mathematical model distal distraction forces were calculated prior to performing in vitro pullout testing. The top end of the proximal body and the iliac limbs of the distal body were attached to the grips of a tensile selleck tester via plastic sealing plugs and pneumatic clamps. Channels within the plugs allowed pressurisation of the inside of the stent-graft. Pullout tests were conducted in the vertical plane. Force and displacement data were recorded and tests repeated 8 times at room temperature with the stent-grafts either dry or wet and unpressurized, at 100 mmHg or at 120 mmHg.
Results: The median maximum pullout force was 2.9 N (2.6-4.1) when dry, 3.9 N (3.5-5.4) when wet and unpressurized, 6.3 N (4.8-8.3) when wet and pressurized at 100 mmHg and 6.5 N (4.8-7.2) when wet and pressurized at 120 mmHg. There was a significant difference between pressurized and unpressurized conditions (P < 0.01).
Conclusions: The force required to distract the distal bifurcated component of a fenestrated stent graft is much lower than the reported proximal fixation strength of both a standard and fenestrated Zenith stein graft.