3A,C). However, such changes were not observed at

the Cyp3A11 promoter (Fig. selleck chemical 3B,D), a CAR target that does not show long-term transcriptional activation, indicating that H3K4 and H3K9 trimethylation may be involved in CAR-mediated long-term transcriptional activation of Cyp2B10. Of note, mono-, di-, and tri-H3K4 methylation were increased, suggesting the existence of a de novo H3K4 methylation process induced by CAR activation. No obvious change was observed for either tri- or mono-H3K20 methylation (Fig. 3E,F). Tri-H3K27 methylation was decreased within the Cyp2B10 promoter in WT mice that received neonatal CAR activation, but not in CAR−/− mice. However, this decrease was also displayed in Cyp3A11, indicating that H3K27 demethylation induced by TCPOBOP exposure may be mediated by CAR, but it is not involved in specific long-term activation of Cyp2B10. Together, these results CX-5461 suggest that H3K4 methylation and H3K9 demethylation are likely to play a role in long-term activation of Cyp2B10 mediated by CAR. To understand the underlying mechanism of selective long-lasting gene activation after a single neonatal exposure to TCPOBOP, we then further asked what causes developmental-specific gene activation and gene-specific long-term activation? To address this, we compared H3K9 and H3K4 trimethylation in the promoters of several CAR targets in livers from WT mice that received TCPOBOP injection on the third day after

birth. In livers

harvested 3 months after TCPOBOP treatment on postnatal day 3 medchemexpress [3d (3M)], H3K9 trimethylation was significantly decreased within the promoters of long-lasting genes, namely Cyp2B10 and Cyp2C37, but not in non–long-lasting genes, including Cyp3A11 and GAST1 (Fig. 4A). However, in livers harvested 3 days after TCPOBOP treatment on postnatal day 3 [3d (3d)], H3K9 trimethylation was decreased within the promoters of all tested CAR targets (Fig. 4B). These results suggest that neonatal exposure to TCPOBOP causes dynamic H3K9 demethylation, and the suppressed H3K9 trimethylation could be reversed in tested CAR target genes, except for Cyp2B10 and Cyp2C37, in 12-week-old mouse livers. On the other hand, in 3d (3M) livers, H3K4 trimethylation was increased in the promoters of Cyp2B10 and Cyp2C37, but not in the Cyp3A11 and GAST1 promoters (Fig. 4C). A similar pattern of H3K4 trimethylation recurred in 3d (3d) livers (Fig. 4D). Together, these results suggest that H3K4 trimethylation is restricted to long-lasting CAR targets (Cyp2B10 and Cyp2C37) upon TCPOBOP treatment. Locus-wide alterations of the H3K9 and H3K4 methylation patterns within Cyp2B10 were investigated. In response to transient activation of CAR during development, the Cyp2B10 PBREM, promoter, first intron, and last exon displayed significant enrichment of tri- and monomethylation of H3K4 and dramatically lower levels of H3K9 trimethylation compared with controls (Fig. 5A-D).