, 2011) or to viewing with appetitive motives under Fasting condition (Yoshikawa et al., 2013). Interestingly, the intensities of the magnetic responses to food pictures showed a wide variability among the participants, and were significantly correlated with the scores of Power of Food Scale (PFS) which was developed to measure individual differences in motivations to eat

beyond physiological need (Lowe et al., 2009). These findings suggest the possible involvement of insular cortex in the neural processes of the motivations to eat immediately after visual exposure of food pictures. Although these findings selleck chemicals contributed to clarify the neural basis of the motivation to eat, changes in these instantaneous responses of insular cortex after a meal were not investigated. In addition, insular cortex receives

several lines of sensory signals induced by gustatory and olfactory stimuli and gastric distention as well as visual stimuli during and after the meal. These preoccupied signals on interoceptive platform of insular cortex might affect the response to visual exposure of foods even when the motivation to eat is not completely lost (Damasio, 1996). The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of the ‘Hara-Hachibu’ Lumacaftor molecular weight postprandial condition on neural responses of insular cortex to food pictures. We compared the responses of insular cortex related to appetitive motives immediately after presentation of food images as assessed by MEG in the Fasting state with those in the postprandial state. We designed to set the postprandial state where each participant judged himself to have eaten shortly before reaching satiety (‘Hara-Hachibu’ condition). In order to assess the activities of insular cortex caused by preoccupied signals without visual stimuli of food images, we used Tau-protein kinase mosaic images as a control, and we performed the MEG recordings under four conditions (food images in the Fasting condition, mosaic images

in the Fasting condition, food images in the ‘Hara-Hachibu’ condition, and mosaic images in the ‘Hara-Hachibu’ condition). In addition, we performed correlation analysis between the subscale and aggregated scores of PFS and the intensities of the MEG responses. Before the MEG recordings on the day of Fasting condition, all the participants rated their subjective levels of hunger as moderate to excessive (1.7±0.5 on a 5-point Likert-type scale), while they rated as less hunger (4.0±0.0 on a 5-point Likert-type scale) on the day of ‘Hara-Hachibu’ condition. The average length of time spent in consumption of rice balls for the ‘Hara-Hachibu’ condition was around 10 min, and the average amount of rice balls consumed was 365.5±72.0 g. For the subjective levels of appetitive motives during the MEG recordings, they replied “yes” for most of the food pictures presented (17.6±2.