003) and Go 6983 in vitro 6 h (p < 0.001). The need for rescue analgesic was lower in group M patients (19 patients in group C, 10 patients in group M; p = 0.04). The

incidence of PONV was higher in group M patients (p = 0.03). The incidence of pruritus, respiratory depression and over-sedation were similar among the groups.

Based on these results, we conclude that morphine effectively reduces LUT discomfort after TURP at a cost of postoperative nausea and vomiting.”
“The relic strain of Penicillium palitans isolated from the ancient permafrost deposits produces clavine alkaloids such as festuclavine, fumigaclavine A, and fumigaclavine B. Alkaloid biosynthesis is concurrent with the growth. Tryptophan and zinc ion additives to the culture medium stimulate the synthesis of alkaloids.”
“We summarize

the state of knowledge on the toxicity and the bioavailability of elemental sulfur. We also present: analytical methods used to determine the elemental sulfur content of samples with complex matrices; and, problems and difficulties encountered while using biotests for samples containing elemental sulfur. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Whilst symptoms of Bladder Outlet Obstruction (BOO) and post micturition symptoms are more commonly reported in men a significant number of women may also complain check details of voiding dysfunction. However, despite the recent advances in the standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract dysfunction there remains a lack of consensus regarding a precise diagnosis and definition of voiding abnormalities in women. In addition voiding symptoms may co-exist with storage symptoms as well as those associated with urinary incontinence. Consequently many patients present with a spectrum of different urinary symptoms, related to ubiquitin-Proteasome pathway both storage and voiding, which may be multifactorial in origin or be related to one another. The purpose of this paper is to review the current literature in order to accurately define and classify female voiding dysfunction including causes and aetiology. In addition to reviewing the investigation and management of those women with

voiding dysfunction recommendations are proposed for management in clinical practice as well as suggestions for future research. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:313316, 2012. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.”
“Patients undergoing microvascular decompression surgery often experience postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). However, there is little information about the incidence of PONV after microvascular decompression. We hypothesized that microvascular decompression is an especially high-risk procedure for PONV in patients undergoing neurosurgery, and investigated risk factors related to PONV after neurosurgery.

All patients who underwent craniotomy in our institution during a period of 2 years were investigated retrospectively. Medical charts were reviewed to identify PONV during the 24-h postoperative period and related risk factors.