The purpose of this study was to assess the vascular properties of the aorta (AO) in a group of children with CKD using a noninvasive echocardiography (echo)-Doppler method. We studied 24 children with stages 2 through 5 CKD and 48 age-matched controls. Detailed echocardiographic assessment and echo-Doppler pulse wave velocity (PWV) was
performed. Indices of arterial stiffness, including characteristic (Zc) and input (Zi) find more impedances, elastic pressure-strain modulus (Ep), and arterial wall stiffness index, were calculated. CKD patients underwent full nephrology assessment, and an iohexol glomerular filtration rate was performed, which allowed for accurate assignment of the CKD stage. CKD patients had greater median systolic blood pressure (114 vs. 110 mmHg; p < 0.04) and pulse pressure (51 vs. 40 mmHg; p < 0.001) compared with controls. PWV was similar between groups (358 vs. 344 cm s(-1); p = 0.759), whereas Zi (182 vs. 131 dyne s cm(-5); p < 0.001),
Zc (146 vs. 138 dyne s cm(-5); p = 0.05), and Ep (280 vs. 230 mmHg; p < 0.02) were significantly greater in CKD than in controls. selleck kinase inhibitor Although load-dependent measures of arterial stiffness were greater in non-dialysis dependent CKD patients, PWV was not increased compared with controls. This suggests that the increased arterial stiffness may not be permanent in these pediatric patients with kidney disease.”
“BACKGROUND: A great amount of wastewater with high contents of chemical oxygen demand (COD) are produced by ethanol production. It would be useful to utilize distillery wastewater to produce
L-lactic acid, which could be a high additional value byproduct of ethanol production. The fermentation process of L-lactic acid production by a newly GDC-0449 manufacturer isolated Enterococcus hawaiiensis CICIM-CU B0114 is reported for the first time.
RESULTS: The strain ‘produced 569 L(-1) of L-lactic acid after cultivation for 48 h in optimized medium consisting of (g L(-1)) 80 glucose, 10 peptone, 10 yeast extract, 1.5 Na(2)HPO(4) and 0.2 MgSO(4). E. hawaiiensis CICIM-CU B0114 was isolated and purified by subculture for growing and producing L-lactic acid in distillery wastewater of very high gravity (VHG) from ethanol fermentation. L-lactic acid fermentation was further studied with distillery wastewater substrate in 7 L and 15 L fermentors. The results showed that L-lactic acid concentrations of 52 g L(-1) and 689 L(-1) was achieved in 7 L and 15 L fermentors with the initial sugar concentrations of 67 g L(-1) and 87 g L(-1), respectively.
CONCLUSION: The production of L-lactic acid by the newly isolated E. hawaiiensis CICIM-CU B0114 was carried out and the fermentation medium was optimized by orthogonal experimental design. This new strain holds the promise of L-lactic acid production utilizing distillery wastewater from VHG ethanol fermentation.