In the long term (1 month), reduction in striatal TH and synaptophysin was less intense whether the right striatum was pretreated with 5 mu M OEA, and nigral TH+ neuron death was significantly reduced after pretreatment with I and 5 mu M OEA. In vivo effects also followed U-shaped dose-response Romidepsin in vivo curves. In conclusion, OEA shows U-shaped partial and dose-dependent neuroprotective properties both in vitro and in vivo models of substantia nigra dopamine neuron degeneration. The occurrence of U-shaped dose-response relationships normally suggests toxicity due to high drug concentration or that opposing intracellular pathways are activated by different OEA doses.
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“Purpose: Sealing the lymphatic vessels during abdominal and pelvic surgery is important to prevent the leakage of lymphatic fluid and its resultant sequelae. To our knowledge we compared for the first time the quality of lymphatic sealing by each of 4 commonly used laparoscopic dissection
devices.
Materials and Methods: A total of 12 domestic pigs were used to test dissecting devices, including monopolar scissors (Etbicon Endo-Surgery, learn more Cincinnati, Ohio), Harmonic ACE (TM) Scalpel, LigaSure (TM) V, EnSeal (TM) and Trissector (TM). A midline incision was made from mid sternum to umbilicus, the diaphragm was divided and the porcine thoracic duct was isolated. In all animals each device was used to seal an area of the duct and each seal was placed at least 2 cm from the prior seal. In group I the thoracic duct of 6 pigs was cannulated with a 5Fr catheter and the seal was subjected to burst pressure testing using a burst pressure measuring device (Cole-Parmer, Vernon Hills, Illinois).
In the 6 STK38 pigs in group 2 each seal was immediately sent for histopathological evaluation. Specimens were given a score for the extent of cautery damage, including 0-none, 1-minimal, 2-moderate, 3-severe and 4-extreme.
Results: A total of 64 seals were created, of which 35 were subjected to burst pressure testing. Mean size of the thoracic duct was 2.6 mm. No acute seal failures were observed with any bipolar device or the harmonic shears. However, 2 immediate failures (33%) were seen with monopolar scissors. Mean burst pressure for monopolar scissors, Harmonic ACE Scalpel, LigaSure (TM) V, EnSeal (TM) and Trissector was 46 (range 0 to 165), 540 (range 175 to 795), 258 (range 75 to 435), 453 (range 255 to 825) and 379 mm Hg (range 175 to 605), respectively (p < 0.05). Trissector, Harmonic ACE Scalpel and EnSeal generated seals with significantly higher burst pressure than that of monopolar scissors (p < 0.05). Histopathological evaluation revealed that LigaSure caused less thermal damage than Trissector and EnSeal (p < 0.05).