The tests used were the forced swim test (FST) for antidepressants, the amphetamine-locomotor
activity test for antipsychotics, the elevated plus maze (EPM) for anxiolytics, as well as tests of general locomotor activity using home cage monitoring (HCM) and the open field test. Continuous HCM revealed a significantly higher daily activity and lower nocturnal activity for LH compared to the other strains; there were no strain-related differences in the open field check details test. In the FST there were no strain differences in immobility time and a similar magnitude of desipramine-induced reduction in immobility across strains. In the locomotor activity test, control LH rats showed significantly higher activity whilst significant amphetamine-induced hyperactivity was seen only with the LH and W strains.
In the EPM, control LH rats had a significantly larger percentage of open arm entries, whilst only the SD strain displayed a significant diazepam-induced increase in this parameter. These findings suggest that find more strain variation can cause markedly different results in behavioural pharmacological tests where locomotor activity plays a significant role, and should be taken into account when selecting a strain for evaluating the behavioural effects of psychotropic drugs. Such differences in locomotor activity in the LH strain could be accounted for by an altered diurnal pattern in this strain. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“The myxoma virus (MYXV)-encoded pyrin domain-containing protein M013 coregulates inflammatory responses mediated
by both the inflammasome and the NF-kappa B pathways. Infection of human THP-1 monocytic cells with a MYXV construct deleted for the M013 gene (vMyxM013-KO), but not the parental MYXV, activates both the inflammasome and NF-kappa B pathways and click here induces a spectrum of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, like interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1. Here, we report that vMyxM013-KO virus-mediated activation of inflammasomes and secretion of IL-1 beta are dependent on the adaptor protein ASC, caspase-1, and NLRP3 receptor. However, vMyxM013-KO virus-mediated activation of NF-kappa B signaling, which induces TNF secretion, was independent of ASC, caspase-1, and either the NLRP3 or AIM2 inflammasome receptors. We also report that early synthesis of pro-IL-1 beta in response to vMyxM013-KO infection is dependent upon the components of the inflammasome complex. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and secretion of IL-1 beta was also dependent on the release of cathepsin B and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).