Cabeza et al96 hypothesized that elderly individuals may recrui

Cabeza et al96 hypothesized that. elderly individuals may recruit additional brain areas in order to maintain function. Reuter-Lorenz et al98 showed that young adults had greater left activation during a verbal task of executive function, and a greater right frontal activation during a spatial task. On the other hand, older adults had bilateral frontal activation during both types of task. Madden et ai97 reported that, old adults had increased left prefrontal activation, but, worse memory performance than younger adults, suggesting that recruiting additional brain areas does not necessarily improve

Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical cognitive function. In a recent study, Cabeza et al99 found that the right, prefrontal cortex in young adults was more activated during temporal-order retrieval than during item retrieval, but. this task-related Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical difference was not found in elderly individuals. On the other hand, elderly individuals showed stronger activations than Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical young adults in the left prefrontal cortex, which may be a compensatory effect. In summary, several studies demonstrated an age-related find more decline in cerebral

blood flow in association cortices and limbic regions, as well as an age-related decline in functional integration of neocortical areas. Activation studies demonstrated a relatively more restricted and Moralized pattern of activation in young than in older healthy individuals, suggesting that older individuals may recruit. additional brain areas in order to maintain function. Conclusion Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Age-related cognitive decline is a well-known phenomenon, which was subsumed under a variety of terms, such as age-associated memory impairment (whenever the decline is restricted to memory functions) and ageassociated cognitive impairment, (whenever the cognitive decline relates

to memory and/or other cognitive functions). Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical These deficits may also be coded under the DSM-IV category of “age-related Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase cognitive decline.” Age-related declines arc reported for language functions (such as verb naming and verbal fluency), visuospatial abilities (such as facial discrimination and visual perceptual decision), executive functions (such as set, shifting, problem solving, and abstract thinking), and memory functions (such as declarative learning, prospective memory, and source recall). Age-related declines in the above domains are not, independent phenomena, but may relate to one another (eg, deficits in executive functions and processing speed may impair performance on other cognitive domains). Neuroimaging studies demonstrated an age-related decline in neocortical gray matter volumes (mainly involving association areas) and limbic-related regions.

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