The primary endpoint was morning peak expiratory flow (PEF). Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00200967.\n\nFindings After 18 weeks of treatment, mean morning PEF in Arg/Arg participants was 21.4 L/min (95% CI 11.8-31.1)

higher when participants were assigned to receive salmeterol than when assigned to receive placebo (p<0.0001). In Gly/Gly participants, morning PEF was 21.5 L/min (11.0-32.1) higher when participants were assigned to receive salmeterol than when assigned to receive placebo (p<0.0001). The improvement in PEF did not differ between genotypes (difference [Arg/Arg-Gly/Gly] -0.1, -14.4 to 14.2; p=0.99). In Gly/Gly participants, methacholine PC20 (20% reduction in forced expiratory volume in 1 s; a prespecified selleck screening library secondary outcome) was 2.4 times higher when participants were assigned to salmeterol YAP-TEAD Inhibitor 1 mw than when assigned to placebo (p<0.0001). Responsiveness to methacholine did not differ between salmeterol and placebo in Arg/Arg

participants (p=0.87). The 2.5 times higher genotype-specific difference in responsiveness to methacholine was significant (1.32 doubling dose difference between genotypes, 9.43-2.21, p=0.0038). Seven Arg/Arg participants (placebo, n=5; salmeterol, n=2) and six Gly/Gly participants (placebo, n=3; salmeterol, n=3) had an asthma exacerbation. Five serious adverse events were reported, one each during the pre-match and run-in phases on open-label

inhaled corticosteroid, two during double-blind treatment with salmeterol/inhaled corticosteroid, and one during double-blind selleck treatment with placebo/inhaled corticosteroid. None of the serious events was asthma-related or related to study drugs or procedures.\n\nInterpretation In asthma patients with B16 Arg/Arg and B16 Gly/Gly genotypes, combination treatment with salmeterol and inhaled corticosteroid improved airway function when compared with inhaled corticosteroid therapy alone. These findings suggest that patients should continue to be treated with longacting beta(2) agonists plus moderate-dose inhaled corticosteroids irrespective of B16 genotype. Further investigation is needed to establish the importance of the genotype-specific difference in responsiveness to methacholine.”
“The objective of the current study was to characterize calcium handling in developing human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs). To this end, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunocytochemistry, whole-cell voltage-clamp, and simultaneous patch-clamp/laser scanning confocal calcium imaging and surface membrane labeling with di-8-aminonaphthylethenylpridinium were used. Immunostaining studies in the hESC-CMs demonstrated the presence of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium release channels, ryanodine receptor-2, and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors.