Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of isolates with identical cassette genes showed that they were genetically diverse.
Conclusions:
More animal faecal isolates carry class 1 integrons than human faecal and human urinary isolates, and the distribution of phylogenetic groups is common across animal and human faecal isolates but different from human urinary isolates.
Significance and Impact of the Study:
Commensal isolates from food-producing animals are an important reservoir for
integrons carrying antibiotic resistance genes.”
“The discovery of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway in the 1980s represented a critical advance in understanding cardiovascular disease, and today a number of human diseases are characterized by NO insufficiency. In the interim, recent biomedical research has GSK923295 molecular weight demonstrated that NO can be modulated by the diet independent of its enzymatic synthesis from L-arginine, e.g., the consumption of nitrite- and nitrate-rich foods such as fruits, leafy vegetables, www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk-j4-hcl.html and cured meats along with antioxidants. Regular intake of nitrate-containing food such as green leafy vegetables may ensure that blood and tissue levels of nitrite and NO pools are maintained at a level sufficient to compensate for any disturbances in endogenous NO synthesis. However, some in the public perceive that dietary sources of nitrite and nitrate are harmful, and some epidemiological studies
reveal a weak association between foods that contain nitrite and nitrate, namely cured and processed meats, and cancer. This paradigm needs revisiting in the face of undisputed health benefits of nitrite- and nitrate-enriched diets. This review will address
and interpret the epidemiological data and discuss the risk-benefit evaluation of dietary nitrite and nitrate in the context of nitric oxide biology. The weak and inconclusive data on the cancer risk of nitrite, nitrate and processed meats are far outweighed by the health benefits of restoring NO homeostasis via dietary nitrite and nitrate. This risk/benefit balance should be a strong consideration before there are any suggestions for new regulatory or public health guidelines for dietary nitrite and nitrate exposures. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Aims:
To develop solid-state fermentation Levetiracetam system (SSF) for hyper production of tylosin from a mutant gamma-1 of Streptomyces fradiae NRRL-2702 and its parent strain.
Methods and Results:
Various agro-industrial wastes were screened to study their effect on tylosin production in SSF. Wheat bran as solid substrate gave the highest production of 2500 mu g of tylosin g-1 substrate by mutant gamma-1 against parent strain (300 mu g tylosin g-1 substrate). The tylosin yield was further improved to 4500 mu g g-1 substrate [70% moisture, 10% inoculum (v/w), pH 9 center dot 2, 30 degrees C, supplemental lactose and sodium glutamate on day 9].